{"id":57259,"date":"2017-04-08T16:13:06","date_gmt":"2017-04-08T16:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.techworm.net\/?p=57259"},"modified":"2018-05-22T10:49:50","modified_gmt":"2018-05-22T05:19:50","slug":"z-kali-linux-commands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.techworm.net\/2017\/04\/z-kali-linux-commands.html","title":{"rendered":"A to Z Kali Linux Commands"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>All Kali Linux Commands With Their Functions<\/h2>\n<p>Mati Aharoni, Devon Kearns and Rapha\u00ebl Hertzog have developed a new version of linux specifically designed for digital forensic &amp; penetration testing. The development of Kali Linux has been funded by\u00a0Offensive Security Ltd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techworm.net\/2016\/10\/download-cheat-sheet-learn-basic-linux-commands.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><strong>Download This Cheat Sheet To Learn Basic Linux Commands<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kali.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\"><strong>Kali Linux<\/strong><\/a> is a distribution derived from Debian. The distribution comes with\u00a0600 penetration-testing programs, including nmap (a port scanner), Wireshark (a packet analyzer), John the Ripper (a password cracker), Aircrack-ng (a software suite for penetration-testing wireless LANs), Burp suite and OWASP ZAP (both web application security scanners) all pre installed. The distribution can be run on a virtual machine or natively if installed on the computer&#8217;s hard drive. It can be booted using a CD or a live USB.\u00a0It is a supported platform of the Metasploit Project\u2019s Metasploit Framework, a tool for developing and executing security exploits.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial black', sans-serif;\"><strong>Kali Linux Commands<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Following is a list of all known <strong>Kali Linux Commands<\/strong>. We have sequenced it in an alphabetic order for the ease of search.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 47px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><strong>Kali Linux commands<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 47px;\"><strong>Function<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 29px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 29px;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>A<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0apropos<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search Help manual pages (man -k)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0apt-get<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search for and install software packages (Debian)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0aptitude<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search for and install software packages (Debian)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0aspell<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Spell Checker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0awk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Find and Replace text, database sort\/validate\/index<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0basename<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Strip directory and suffix from filenames<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0bash<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0GNU Bourne-Again Shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0bc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Arbitrary precision calculator language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0bg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Send to background<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0break<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Exit from a loop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0builtin<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Run a shell builtin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0bzip2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Compress or decompress named files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cal<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display a calendar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0case<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Conditionally perform a command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cat<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Concatenate and print (display) the content of files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Change Directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cfdisk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Partition table manipulator for Linux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0chgrp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Change group ownership<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0chmod<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Change access permissions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0chown<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Change file owner and group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0chroot<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Run a command with a different root directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0chkconfig<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0System services (runlevel)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cksum<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print CRC checksum and byte counts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0clear<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Clear terminal screen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cmp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Compare two files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0comm<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Compare two sorted files line by line<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0command<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Run a command \u2013 ignoring shell functions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0continue<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Resume the next iteration of a loop<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Copy one or more files to another location<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cron<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Daemon to execute scheduled commands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0crontab<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Schedule a command to run at a later time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0csplit<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Split a file into context-determined pieces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0cut<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Divide a file into several parts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>D<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0date<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display or change the date and time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Desk Calculator<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ddrescue<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Data recovery tool<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0declare<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Declare variables and give them attributes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0df<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display free disk space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0diff<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display the differences between two files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0diff3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Show differences among three files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dig<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0DNS lookup<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dir<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Briefly list directory contents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dircolors<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Colour setup for `ls\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dirname<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Convert a full pathname to just a path<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dirs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display list of remembered directories<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0dmesg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print kernel &amp;amp; driver messages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0du<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Estimate file space usage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>E<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0echo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display message on screen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0egrep<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search files for lines that match an extended expression<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0eject<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Eject removable media<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0enable<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Enable and disable builtin shell commands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0env<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Environment variables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ethtool<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Ethernet card settings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0eval<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Evaluate several commands\/arguments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0exec<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Execute a command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0exit<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Exit the shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0expect<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0expand<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Convert tabs to spaces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0export<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Set an environment variable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0expr<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Evaluate expressions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>F<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0false<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Do nothing, unsuccessfully<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fdformat<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Low-level format a floppy disk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fdisk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Partition table manipulator for Linux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fg<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Send job to foreground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fgrep<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search files for lines that match a fixed string<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0file<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Determine file type<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0find<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search for files that meet a desired criteria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fmt<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Reformat paragraph text<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fold<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Wrap text to fit a specified width<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0for<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Expand words, and execute commands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0format<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Format disks or tapes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0free<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display memory usage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fsck<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0File system consistency check and repair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ftp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0File Transfer Protocol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0function<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Define Function Macros<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0fuser<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Identify\/kill the process that is accessing a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>G<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0gawk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Find and Replace text within files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0getopts<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Parse positional parameters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0grep<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search files for lines that match a given pattern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0groupadd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Add a user security group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0groupdel<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Delete a group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0groupmod<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Modify a group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0groups<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print group names a user is in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0gzip<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Compress or decompress named files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>H<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0hash<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Remember the full pathname of a name argument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0head<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Output the first part of files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0help<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display help for a built-in command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0history<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Command History<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0hostname<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print or set system name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>I<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0iconv<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Convert the character set of a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0id<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print user and group id\u2019s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0if<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Conditionally perform a command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ifconfig<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Configure a network interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ifdown<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Stop a network interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ifup<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Start a network interface up<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0import<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Capture an X server screen and save the image to file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0install<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Copy files and set attributes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>J<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0jobs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0List active jobs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0join<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Join lines on a common field<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0kill<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Stop a process from running<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0killall<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Kill processes by name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>L<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0less<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display output one screen at a time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0let<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Perform arithmetic on shell variables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ln<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Create a symbolic link to a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0local<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Create variables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>locate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Find files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0logname<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print current login name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0logout<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Exit a login shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0look<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display lines beginning with a given string<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0lpc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Line printer control program<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0lpr<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Off line print<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0lprint<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0lprintd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Abort a print job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0lprintq<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0List the print queue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0lprm<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Remove jobs from the print queue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ls<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0List information about files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0lsof<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0List open files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>M<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0make<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Recompile a group of programs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0man<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Help manual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mkdir<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Create new folders<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mkfifo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Make FIFOs (named pipes)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mkisofs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Create an hybrid ISO9660\/JOLIET\/HFS filesystem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mknod<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Make block or character special files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0more<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display output one screen at a time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mount<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Mount a file system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mtools<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Manipulate MS-DOS files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mtr<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Network diagnostics (traceroute\/ping)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mv<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Move or rename files or directories<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0mmv<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Mass Move and rename files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>N<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0netstat<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Networking information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0nice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Set the priority of a command or job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0nl<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Number lines and write files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0nohup<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Run a command immune to hangups<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0notify-send<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Send desktop notifications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0nslookup<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Query Internet name servers interactively<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>O<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0open<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Open a file in its default application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0op<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Operator access<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>P<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0passwd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Modify a user password<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0paste<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Merge lines of files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0pathchk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Check file name portability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ping<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Test a network connection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0pkill<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Stop processes from running<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0popd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Restore the previous value of the current directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0pr<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Prepare files for printing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0printcap<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Printer capability database<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0printenv<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print environment variables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0printf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Format and print data<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ps<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Process status<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0pushd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Save and then change the current directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0pwd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print Working Directory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Q<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0quota<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Display disk usage and limits<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0quotacheck<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Scan a file system for disk usage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0quotactl<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Set disk quotas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>R<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ram<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0ram disk device<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0rcp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Copy files between two machines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0read<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Read a line from standard input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0readarray<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Read from stdin into an array variable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0readonly<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Mark variables\/functions as readonly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0reboot<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Reboot the system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0rename<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Rename files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0renice<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Alter priority of running processes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0remsync<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Synchronize remote files via email<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0return<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Exit a shell function<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0rev<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Reverse lines of a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0rm<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Remove files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0rmdir<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Remove folders<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0rsync<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>S<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0screen<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0scp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Secure copy (remote file copy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sdiff<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Merge two files interactively<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Stream Editor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0select<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Accept keyboard input<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0seq<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print numeric sequences<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0set<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Manipulate shell variables and functions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sftp<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Secure File Transfer Program<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0shift<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Shift positional parameters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0shopt<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Shell Options<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0shutdown<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Shutdown or restart linux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sleep<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Delay for a specified time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0slocate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Find files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sort<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Sort text files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0source<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Run commands from a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0split<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Split a file into fixed-size pieces<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ssh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Secure Shell client (remote login program)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0strace<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Trace system calls and signals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0su<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Substitute user identity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sudo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Execute a command as another user<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sum<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print a checksum for a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0suspend<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Suspend execution of this shell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0symlink<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Make a new name for a file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0sync<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Synchronize data on disk with memory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>T<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0tail<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Output the last part of file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0tar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Tape Archiver<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0tee<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Redirect output to multiple files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0test<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Evaluate a conditional expression<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0time<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Measure Program running time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0times<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0User and system times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0touch<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Change file timestamps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0top<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0List processes running on the system<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0traceroute<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Trace Route to Host<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0trap<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0tr<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Translate, squeeze, and\/or delete characters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0true<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Do nothing, successfully<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0tsort<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Topological sort<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0tty<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print filename of terminal on stdin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Describe a command<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>U<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0ulimit<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Limit user resources<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0umask<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Users file creation mask<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0umount<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Unmount a device<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0unalias<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Remove an alias<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0uname<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print system information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0unexpand<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Convert spaces to tabs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0uniq<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Uniquify files<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0units<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Convert units from one scale to another<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0unset<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Remove variable or function names<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0unshar<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Unpack shell archive scripts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0until<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Execute commands (until error)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0uptime<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Show uptime<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0useradd<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Create new user account<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0usermod<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Modify user account<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0users<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0List users currently logged in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0uuencode<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Encode a binary file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0uudecode<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Decode a file created by uuencode<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>V<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0v<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b\u2019)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0vdir<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b\u2019)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0vi<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Text Editor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0vmstat<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Report virtual memory statistics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>W<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0wait<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Wait for a process to complete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0watch<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Execute\/display a program periodically<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0wc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print byte, word, and line counts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 76px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0whereis<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 76px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search the user\u2019s $path, man pages and source files for a program<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0which<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Search the user\u2019s $path for a program file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0while<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Execute commands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0who<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print all usernames currently logged in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0whoami<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Print the current user id and name (`id -un\u2019)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0wget<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0write<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Send a message to another user<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>X<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0xargs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Execute utility, passing constructed argument lists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0xdg-open<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0Open a file or URL in the user\u2019s preferred application<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" colspan=\"2\"><strong>Y<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"538\"><strong>\u00a0yes<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\" width=\"537\">\u00a0 Print a string until interrupted<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Do mention in the comments below if we have missed any <strong>Kali Linux Commands <\/strong>that you may know<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: impact, sans-serif;\">Also read :<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techworm.net\/2016\/10\/10-lethal-linux-commands-never-execute.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\u00a010 most lethal Linux commands you should never execute<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>All Kali Linux Commands With Their Functions Mati Aharoni, Devon Kearns and Rapha\u00ebl Hertzog have developed a new version of linux specifically designed for digital forensic &amp; penetration testing. The development of Kali Linux has been funded by\u00a0Offensive Security Ltd. Download This Cheat Sheet To Learn Basic Linux Commands Kali Linux is a distribution derived [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":57420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[292],"tags":[11178,14986,6704,14985,545,11935,14968],"class_list":{"0":"post-57259","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-linux","8":"tag-commands","9":"tag-kali-commands","10":"tag-kali-linux","11":"tag-kali-linux-commands","12":"tag-linux-2","13":"tag-linux-commands","14":"tag-new-version"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A to Z Kali Linux Commands With Their Functions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kali Linux is a distribution derived from Debian. 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